For this video, we are going to be going over Module 2. And so Marshall to you is all about measures of central tendency and dispersion. And so here you had your lecture videos on Chapters 3 and 4. And here's some basic information about how to use SPSS and here's the PowerPoints that I used for the video presentations. And so for the quiz, There's going to be 10 questions from Chapter 3 and 10 questions from Chapter 4 are very similar to the way it was set up Module 1. Right? And so the discussion board, essentially all of these, if you read the chapters and you watch the videos, you will have no problem answering any of these questions here. Pretty straightforward. For assignment one. So in the videos and the readings and everything, you will learn how to calculate the mean, the median, the mode, the range and standard deviation, and the third quartile. And so remember back from module one, where I talk about in the lecture video of putting things that are in disarray an array. And so that's going to be very important in order to be able to find the median, the mode, and the range for each of these three years. So don't forget to do that. Otherwise, it's going to be a lot harder for you to be able to figure out what is the range and puts the mode and the median. So all of those should be pretty standard. Then SPSS part though. So that's apart. That may not be quite as easy. And so I'm going to go over how to do that particular assignment. And so I am at home, so I have logged in via the V lab. And so to get here, all I did was google UN GB lab and entered in my username and password. And then the software center, you can go ahead and download it. And it will remember your profile. So once you download it, you don't have to keep downloading it from the software center each time. You'll just have to go search for it if it's not pinned already for you. All right, so here I have kind of started with your first task. So your first task is to create a SPSS file for the data above, and then answer the following questions based on the data set. All right, and so we have respondents. And so I went ahead and gave them their ID numbers. So here all I had to do was type then each of these. And so if you have a nominal variable, we have to still put that into mathematics. So here's the way that you would go about it. So I would just type and the one and then protists that and then add and that will click it over into this area right here. And then two Catholic add and keep going until you got all the way up to four. Kinda the same for males and females. Again, it's a nominal variables though. You want to change over, though the number of partners a person has as a interval ratio or in SPSS, they treat them the same. So it is a scale variable. And so in your dataset, only one that you will have, that is ordinal will be legalization of marijuana. So that's the only one that you're going to list. Those are ordinal. And so in order to do this here, but say if I want to create a new variable, I would just do age. Okay? And so for age, I just want one decimal. We're not doing point whatever. Let's go ahead and move that down. And age we are going to put as a scale variable. And then I go through and I look at the list over here. So our first respond, it looks like page at freshman was 18. And then the next one was 20 and then 21. And then a TM band looks like our fifth one has started a little later in life at 25. So that's just how you go about adding variables into your dataset. So one of the things is UNED it as like spaces or special characters. So I kinda had to go a little bit creative with how you label these things. So if you wanted to put ID here service by me, you could that try and make sure that you know exactly what you need to make it easy enough to read, thank easier for me to be able to grade. So keeping with as close as what's up there is probably the easiest thing for me to be able to grade though, to make extra sure that I know you did it right. I would probably use those same lines. So here, the next is after you get all of your information and so on. We did for the first five, just so that I can have enough data to show you how to do each of these. Your first task is to create a frequency distribution for the following variables. So religion, gender, and race. All right, and so to do that, we'll go up to Analyze and then Descriptive Statistics and Frequencies. And so I already have gender here. So I also want to do religion and race. So I need to add religion and rapes. And, okay. And that gives me my frequency distributions for religion, race, and gender. And so here, we don't really mean the inset this point, so don't worry about that. That will actually probably come back to this here in just a minute. So the next question is what percentage of females are Catholic? And so to be able to look at that, we will go to analyze descriptives and then cross tabs. And so I want the mouth right? You are Catholic, which means I need to look at religion. And so you can go ahead and put the percentages if you want. It'll look at my percentages first. And so this is very cluttered. But you can find out. So we are wanting to know what percent of females are Catholic, though we were to look at are females. And percent within our gender is thirty-three point three. And so essentially, a third of all the females are Catholic. And so we only have three, and we don't have any that were nine and a Jew, Catholic and Protestant. So I went out to three. Well, it says that 33 percent and then say you would do for the both white and male, then you would have to look at the total line in order to be able to figure that one out. So if I wanted to say, oh, wow, I took the total was both female and Catholic. Then I would go down to female and want to look at the total. And here acts like we did not have any Mel's, you were Catholic, so that would give us 20% of the population would be both female and Catholic. So now we're cooking out of five, right? And so we have one out of five. And that's where we get our 20 percent at. And so make sure that you're looking at the total. So for me a lot of times, it's easier to not have all of this and to just go and look at it. So we'll go back to the cross tabs. And this time I'm going to take away the percentages and run it again. And so to me it's a lot easier to just look at this and say that. You know, one out of three females, so a third, so thirty-three point three percent are Protestant or Catholic, either way, any of them, there's going to be 33 percent. And then so if I wanted. So females who were though males and females who were Protestant as a whole, like so then that would be the two over five. So that would be 40%. So that is, It's really up to you, however you think it is to most easily read the chart to me, the simple ones better, but some people like to be able to look at is that the key is though, which total you look at Connect. That can make a huge difference because that could be the difference between right and wrong answer as if you look at the total. So to me, that's why I think MY simple totals are so much easier. Also for the proportion, when asked for a proportion of males to females. Then you also might want to look at the simple our chart, because this is all in percentages. So if you report percentages, then you're going to get that question wrong. So I need to leave it and proportions. All right, and then the next few questions are about the central tendencies. And so here we have. First one is what is the best representation? Give level and count of the central tendency for religion and why. Okay? And so what go up here? And we're going to look at and analyze descriptives, frequencies, stats, I want, I mean, median and mode. Okay? This time I just want to look at religion. Okay? And so here, even though I have selected for the mean, median and mode, it didn't give me anything. Because you can't really be essentially 1.5 Catholic or if he was to put these in an order. Right. The order does it really matter any at all? And so you're not going to have a central one. And so the only one that would make sense would be the mode, which is 2 here. And so that would be very important to talk about the fact that that it just wouldn't make sense to have a center one because there is no order to them, a rhyme or reason. And what makes sense to have an average, because then you would end up with 0 something. And so you now, on average, a person is of a certain, certain religion and this doesn't make any sense. So you would do the mode, and so you would talk about that. And so we'll have different numbers. And so an example of one where it would show and where does that make any sense? By just looking at the char would be if we did it for gender. Oh, sorry. I need help. I'm going to cancel this. That's okay. I do have a model there and okay. Alright. And so here, it does give us a mean, a median and mode. And so mean this can't really be 1.6 of male or female. You're kind of one there unless other is an option that still, it's a nominal variable, so you wouldn't be 0.6 other either. And so the median is showing that it is a two. So. That you would have to translate, right? Remember what you saved as 12, so there's five. And so we have TP mouth though, it would be 2, 2, 3, 3, 3. Which in this case, my workout that this though, you know, one of your choices with not essentially to write your choices are male or female? As to which one is the most, right? Okay, so I just gave it to you. You should do the mode. Clearly the mode to you'd have to know the conversion of. So just looking over here and looking at the frequencies, the mode is female. And so therefore, again, you'd talk about fact that it's nominal and it just doesn't make sense to report the others because of just the fact that white boy the coding. So if the mode was two, and here we're talking about males versus females than people would have no clue what you're talking about. In this case though too, does translate and TIF female. So bay, The same. Females have the most, and females are in the media. And so you could report both because they are both the same. But again, that's up to you as long as you answer why you reported both. But make sure that you do not report the mean, because that makes no sense whatsoever for a nominal variable. And the rest of them are pretty much exactly like that. So you would pick like number of partners and y. So let's go up here and we analyze Descriptive frequencies. And this time I want number part nerves. And there we go. Maybe go ahead, put some in there too. Oh, it's sometimes good to have your totals as well. All right. And so here, our choices were between 0 to six and 10. So you'll have a wider variety to work with. That here, this is a scale variable. So you could use the mean or the median or the mode. So for this one though, it looks like it may be a little bit skewed because, you know, right here where the 246 and this ten, That's quite a bit higher than the rest of them. And so that might be bringing it up just a little bit. And so the average being higher than the mean would mean that are soluble. Mean being higher than the median, right? Means that it is key in the positive direction. And so in this case here, you might want to report the mode, but it's also the media as well to you. So, but depending on what you end up with, at the very end, just talk about outliers and things like that and how it could affect this and this. Compare the three numbers and see which one you think would be most appropriate. Because in theory, you could report any of those for your scaled. It's not like the nominal where you're more limited. And so what you do that then just write up a little narrative about what you found. And so for the prejudiced with the freshmen and then prejudice for the seniors, just talk a little bit about the central tendencies. How they've changed, that they go up or did they go down? Things along those lines. And so we're not going to talk about significant or not. Just talk about if it, if there does look like there was a change and talk about just the central tendencies. And so that is pretty much all you really need to do. So make sure that you keep this set of data that you fix neglect because we're going to come back through this for a lot of or activities. So that pretty much covers Module 2. Let me know if you have any questions. Thanks.