Provide About 75 Word Discussion Reply To The Following Post Below.
Solar photovoltaic cells (PV) offer the promise to bring electrical energy to areas not served by grid systems and have a minimal environmental impact. Unfortunately the energy collected by PV is currently too inefficient to be a viable option.
PV cells are made of semiconductor materials which must absorb sunlight to produce electricity (U.S. EIA, 2018);
When photons strike a PV cell, they may reflect off the cell, pass through the cell, or be absorbed by the semiconductor material. Only the absorbed photons provide energy to generate electricity. When the semiconductor material absorbs enough sunlight (solar energy), electrons are dislodged from the material’s atoms.
The theoretical maximum efficiency of a PV system which does not track the sun’s movement and concentrate the solar energy using mirrors is approximately 55% (Byrnes, 2013). The following graph represents the maximum efficiencies of various PV within five semiconductor families; Multijunction cells, Single-junction gallium arsenide cells, Crystalline silicon cells, Thin-film technologies, and Emerging photovoltaics (NREL, 2019);
Flags on the right hand side of the graph represent the current maximum efficiency for a further 28 subcategories. Manufacturers which obtained each record efficiency are noted in bold. The highest efficiency is noted at 46% and was achieved in 2014. This was a collaborative effort between Soitec and CEA-Leti, France, and the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Germany (Fraunhofer, 2014).
References
National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). (January, 2019). Best research-cell efficiency chart. [PDF File]. Retrieved from https://www.nrel.gov/pv/assets/pdfs/best-reserch-cell-efficiencies.pdf
New world record for solar cell efficiency at 46%. (January, 2014). Fraunhofer ISE. Retrieved from https://www.ise.fraunhofer.de/en/press-media/press-releases/2014/new-world-record-for-solar-cell-efficiency-at-46-percent.html
Solar explained. Photovoltaics and electricity. (April, 2018) U.S. Energy Information Administration (U.S. EIA). Retrieved from https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/index.php?page=solar_photovoltaics
Byrnes, S. (November, 2013). Why are solar panels so inefficient? Retrived from https://www.forbes.com/sites/quora/2013/11/04/why-are-solar-panels-so-inefficient/#1875f3fd5948
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