Please follow the file I attached Communication: Making Connections Eleventh Edition Chapter 5 Con

Please follow the file I attached

Communication: Making Connections

Eleventh Edition

Chapter 5

Connecting through Nonverbal Communication

Learning Objectives

5.1 Differentiate nonverbal communication from verbal communication.

5.2 Explain the six key characteristics of nonverbal communication.

5.3 Identify the five common functions of nonverbal communication.

5.4 Compare and contrast different types of nonverbal communication and the ways competent communicators are aware of their nonverbal communication.

5.5 Explain why it is difficult to interpret and understand nonverbal communication and how to ensure that the message received is accurate.

What Is Nonverbal Communication?

Learning Objective 5.1 Differentiate nonverbal communication from verbal communication.

Nonverbal Communication

Behaviors, symbols, attributes, and objects that communicate messages with social meaning

We typically spend more time on nonverbal communication

Can change or enhance meaning of words

Used as basis for many of our daily decisions

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (1 of 8)

Learning Objective 5.2 Explain the six key characteristics of nonverbal communication.

Nonverbal Communication Occurs Constantly

Occurs when people are aware of one another

Occurs whether something is said or not

Sometimes what is not said is most important

Nonverbal Messages and Perception

The messages you send via your appearance, facial expressions, clothing, eye contact, body movements, and posture may not always be clear or what you intended. What is perceived, however, is what is communicated, whether it’s intended or not. Sources: (left) Val Lawless/Shutterstock; (right): Sigrid Olsson/PhotoAlto Agency/Getty Images

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (2 of 8)

Nonverbal Communication Depends on Context

Context influences interpretation

Nonverbal and verbal cues usually support one another during conversation

Nonverbal communication provides cues about relationship

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (3 of 8)

Nonverbal Communication Is More Believable Than Verbal Communication

Most of us believe nonverbal communication, even when it contradicts accompanying verbal message

Verbal communication more deliberate

Nonverbal communication often subconscious and unintentional

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (4 of 8)

Nonverbal Communication Is a Primary Means of Expression

Nonverbal communication is powerful

We can detect feelings without verbal communication

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (5 of 8)

Nonverbal Communication Is Related to Culture

Cultures formulate rules that dictate nonverbal expression

Behavior norms and rules differ by culture

Individualistic culture: nonverbal communication primary source of information

Collectivistic culture: relationship and status more important

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (6 of 8)

Nonverbal Communication Is Ambiguous

Asynchronous communication can lead to misunderstandings

Without context, impossible to understand specific nonverbal message

Exercise care when interpreting nonverbal message

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (7 of 8)

Why Should You Know About Nonverbal Communication?

Carries most meaning of a message

A frequent source of misunderstanding

Not governed by set of universal rules

Multichanneled, complicated, and ever-changing

Bound to context and culture

Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication (8 of 8)

Why Should You Know About Nonverbal Communication? continued

More likely to be spontaneous and unintentional

Powerful; more believable than verbal communication

Learned (not always consciously)

Critical in relationship initiation, development, and termination

Functions of Nonverbal Communication (1 of 5)

Learning Objective 5.3 Identify the five common functions of nonverbal communication.

Complementing Verbal Behavior

Use nonverbal cues to complete, describe, or accent verbal cues

Emphasizing or punctuating spoken words

Functions of Nonverbal Communication (2 of 5)

Repeating Verbal Behavior

Use nonverbal cues that convey same meaning as verbal message

Common in sports; deliberately planned for clarity

Functions of Nonverbal Communication (3 of 5)

Regulating Verbal Behavior

Use nonverbal cues to control flow of communication

Senders might use regulating cues unconsciously

Receivers usually aware of regulating cues

Functions of Nonverbal Communication (4 of 5)

Substituting for Verbal Behavior

Use nonverbal cues in place of oral messages

Used when speaking is impossible or inappropriate

Communication and Nonverbal Cues

Former President Obama and former Arizona Republican governor Jan Brewer’s greeting of each other appears to be less than cordial. By pointing her finger at him, she communicates her anger and frustration toward him.

Source: Haraz N Ghanbari/AP Images

Functions of Nonverbal Communication (5 of 5)

Deceiving

Use nonverbal cues to purposely mislead others

Create false impressions or convey false information

Most people lie at least once a day

Lying can’t be confirmed on basis of nonverbal behaviors alone

Women better at interpreting and sending nonverbal messages

Deception

Detection of deception usually results from nonverbal cues such as facial expressions, eye contact, and body language that can help us decide whether a person is lying. Source: Iakov Filimonov/123RF

Types of Nonverbal Communication (1 of 11)

Learning Objective 5.4 Compare and contrast different types of nonverbal communication and the ways competent communicators are aware of their nonverbal communication.

Facial Expressions and Body Movements

Kinesics: any movement of the body or face that communicates a message

Eye behavior (oculesics)

Includes any movement or behavior of the eyes

First and primary characteristic we notice about others

Serves many important communication functions

Types of Nonverbal Communication (2 of 11)

Facial Expressions and Body Movements continued

Facial expressions

Configurations of the face that can reflect, augment, contradict, or appear unrelated to speaker’s message

Windows to our emotions

Powerful in communication and in relationships

Facial management techniques

Facial Expressions Convey Emotion

Our facial expressions typically display our emotions, but because of their complexity, these emotions can be difficult to interpret. Researchers have identified more than 1,000 different expressions made by the human face. Source: Sirtravelalot/Shutterstock

Table 5.2 Facial Management Techniques

Technique	Definition	Example
Intensifying	Exaggeration of reactions to meet others’ expectations	You receive a gift and try to look completely surprised, excited, and delighted.
Deintensifying	Understatement of reactions to meet others’ expectations	You receive an A on a speech; a friend receives a C. You tone down your excitement, just in case your friend feels bad about receiving a lower grade.
Neutralizing	Avoidance of any emotional expression in a situation; “poker face” shows no emotion	You show no fear or sadness when you don’t want to show your emotions, even if fear or sadness may be justified.
Masking	Replacement of one expression with another considered more appropriate for the situation	You smile when a friend wins a scholarship and you don’t, even though you think you deserve it.

Types of Nonverbal Communication (3 of 11)

Facial Expressions and Body Movements continued

Body movements

Emblems

Illustrators

Regulators

Affect displays

Adaptors

Types of Nonverbal Communication (4 of 11)

Physical Characteristics

Body type, attractiveness, height, skin tone

Fairly constant and more difficult to control

Physical attractiveness an extremely powerful influence on everyday communication

Types of Nonverbal Communication (5 of 11)

Touch

Haptics: tactile, or touch, communication

One of the most basic forms of communication

Kind and amount of appropriate touch vary by individual, relationship, and situation

Gender differences in touching

Types of Nonverbal Communication (6 of 11)

Space

Proxemics: study of use of space and distance between individuals when they communicate

Four zones: intimate, personal, social, public

Territoriality: need to identify space as one’s own

Status, gender, culture, and context impact how people use space to communicate

Types of Nonverbal Communication (7 of 11)

Time

Chronemics: study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication

Individuals can differ in their approaches to time

We have expectations about the use of time

We often judge others by their use of time

Types of Nonverbal Communication (8 of 11)

Paralanguage/Vocalics

The way we vocalize the words we speak

Speech rate, accents, articulation, pronunciation and silence

Pitch, vocal force, rate, quality

38 percent of meaning is affected by the way something is said rather than what is said

People make judgments based on paralanguage

Types of Nonverbal Communication (9 of 11)

Silence

Vocal pause: hesitation, usually short in duration

Silence: extended period of time without sound

May feel awkward in certain situations

Expected in certain contexts

Cultural differences related to silence

Types of Nonverbal Communication (10 of 11)

Artifacts

Personal ornaments or possessions that communicate information

Clothing, hair color, piercings, tattoos, cars

Communicate information about age, gender, status, role, class, importance, group membership, personality, relationship to others

Types of Nonverbal Communication (11 of 11)

Environment

Psychological and physical surroundings

Furniture, lighting, smells, sounds

Impacts individuals, their backgrounds, and their perception of what’s important at time of interaction

Best when it enables accurate delivery of speaker’s intended message

Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication (1 of 3)

Learning Objective 5.5 Explain why it is difficult to interpret and understand nonverbal communication and how to ensure that the message received is accurate.

Self-Monitoring

Willingness to change behavior to fit a situation

Awareness of how behavior affects others

Ability to regulate nonverbal cues and other factors to influence others’ impressions

Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication (2 of 3)

Nonverbal Cues

Be observant and sensitive to received messages

Verify unclear or inconsistent nonverbal messages

Improving Our Ability to Send and Interpret Nonverbal Communication (3 of 3)

Nonverbal Cues continued

Easy to misinterpret for three reasons:

Multiple meanings

Interdependent

Subtle

Use functional approach to limit misinterpretations

Use descriptive feedback to verify interpretation

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