Please read the document carefully and then select three topic for writing.
Must include:
What are the three most important themes/topics covered in the document?
Why do you think they are important ?
Did they alter your understanding of Canadian-American relations?
Each topic should be no less than 750 words
Must be referenced using at least five resources in the document, in the format of major headings and subheadings(Major heading, subheading)Prohibition and the Great Depression
Outline
19th century Temperance Movement and Temperance Societies
The Progressive Movement
Prohibition in Canada and the US
International Agreements and International Incidents
RB Bennett and a deteriorating relationship
A Trade War
FDR, WLMK and an improved relationship
?Trade Agreements
?Allies by Presidential decree
Prohibition interesting because:
1) it demonstrates the similarities in culture and ideology between English Canadians and Americans from the mid-19th century forward
2) the actual experience with prohibition in the 1920s demonstrates the problems that can arise when Canada and the US have different social policies
Alcohol Consumption in Maritimes and New England
Drink of Choice: 151 proof rum
Average annual per capita consumption: 7 gallons
That is not a misprint, 7 gallons or about thirty-five 26ers a person
Prohibition Timeline
1914 ? Prohibition in some form in the Maritime Provinces
March 1918-December 1919 ? Prohibition federally in Canada
1919-1920 ? all provinces except Quebec enact some form of prohibition
1919 ? US 18th amendment
1920 ? US Volstead Act
Mid-1920s ? Canadian Provinces had switched from prohibition of alcohol to regulation of alcohol
Deteriorating Relationship
1. Prohibition
2. Closed border
3. Trade issues ? Smoot-Hawley Tariff
Trade War
US exports to Canada
?1929: $868 million
?1932: $232 million
Canadian exports to US
?1929: $515 million
?1932: $165 million
1935 Trade Agreement
Reduced the tariff on over 180 US manufactured goods
Also the beginning of a much closer relationship between Canada and US
FDR Speech 1938
?Canada is part of the sisterhood of the British Empire. I give you assurance that the people of the United states will not stand idly by if domination of Canadian soil is threatened by any other empire.?

Pre-1860s Economies
Outline
Mercantilism
1.Timber
2.Corn Laws
Free Trade
1.Reciprocity
Timber Duties
Made BNA timber cheaper to by than European timber
Promoted growth of timber industry in BNA
Corn Laws
Primary preference to domestic (British) farmers
Secondary preference to colonial (BNA) farmers
Mercantilists
Believed in the empire as a self-sustaining economy.
Believed that the function of the colonies was to:
?Feed the Mother Country with raw materials.
?Provide a market for consumer goods.
?Act as an outlet for emigration.
?Overseas trade would provide trade for the Royal Navy.
Free Traders
Believed in Adam Smith?s Invisible Hand
?Trade without protection would result in greatest level in economic activity
Free Traders winning
Cuts to timber duties in 1842, 1846, 1848
Corn Laws repealed in 1846
Reciprocity Agreement of 1854
Allows for limited free trade between US and BNA
British support it because:
?Would suppress annexation sentiment
?Ideologically in favour of Free Trade
?Preparing for war in Crimea
Reciprocity
1. It allowed for free movement of natural raw material, such as coal, grain, fish and livestock.
2. US fishermen free access to the Maritime coastal fisheries, and Canadian fishermen free access to the coastal waters of the eastern US seaboard.
3. It allowed for free navigation for both parties in the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence Canal System.
Effects of Reciprocity
Total value of exports from the colonies to the US increased from $8.6 million in 1854 to $34.8 million in 1866.
This was an increase of more than 400%!
The percentage of total colonial exports going to the United States also rose in this 12-year period from 40.7% to 69.2%

The Civil War
Outline
The Trent Incident (1861)
The Alabama Claims
The St. Alban?s Raid
The Fenians
The Abrogation of Reciprocity
The Trent Affair
AKA the Mason-Slidel Incident.
USS San Jacinto stops the RMS Trent and seizes two Confederates and their secretaries.
?What if??
The Alabama Claims
Confederacy commissions ?warships? from Britain.
One of these ships, the Alabama, captures 58 Northern vessels.
US wants compensation gets $15.5 million.
St. Alban?s Raid
October 19, 1864, St. Alban?s Vermont captured by Confederates soldiers attacking from BNA
The Fenians
Irish soldiers who had fought in Civil War
Rumours that they wanted to capture BNA:
“We are the Fenian Brotherhood, skilled in the arts of war, and we’re going to fight for Ireland, the land we adore, many battles we have won, along with the boys in blue,
And we’ll go and capture Canada, for we’ve nothing else to do.”
Three Fenian Invasions
Campobello Island in New Brunswick
Fort Erie and Ridgeway in Upper Canada
Frelighsburg in Lower Canada
Abrogation of Reciprocity
Economic cause of Confederation

Confederation
Outline
Confederation (1867)
Treaty of Washington (1871)
Confederation
1864 ? Charlottetown Conference
1866 ? Quebec Conference
1 July 1867 ? Confederation (NB, NS, ON, QU)
1869 ? HBC Territory
1870 ? Manitoba
1871 ? BC
1873 ? PEI
Treaty of Washington
Resolved land disputes and issues from Civil War
Gave US some of their Reciprocity rights (fishing, Great Lakes) without corollary benefits for BNA
Pig War
1859 between the US&UK

Venezuela and Alaska
Outline
The Venezuela Crisis
The Alaska Boundary Dispute
Venezuela
In 1895, US Secretary of State Richard Olmey stated that unless Britain agreed to binding arbitration of disputed territory, the US “would conclude that the British had committed an ‘invasion and conquest of Venezuelan territory.'”
Monroe Doctrine in effect
Goes to a commission
US representatives:
1. Elihu Rooht, US secretary of war
2. Henry Cabot Lodge, Mass. Senator
3. George Turner, Wash. Senator
Canadian Representatives:
1. Sir Louis Jette, Quebeck LT. Gov.
2. Allen Aylesworth, Toronto lawyer
3. Lord Alverston, Chief Justice of GB

The National Policy
Outline
From free trade to protectionism
The National Policy
Goldwyn Smith
Growing integration
Canadian Migration and Outmigration
National Policy
1. The erection of high tariff walls to promote domestic manufacturing.
2. The enhancement of an internal east-west transportation system, mainly by building a transcontinental railway, to orient trade between the provinces rather than between individual provinces and the states.
3. The aggressive promotion of immigration to build the population of Canada and settle the western frontier.
Branch Plants
Singer, Westinghouse, International Harvester, National Cash Register, American Tobacco Company, etc.
Between 1900 and 1920 American investment in Canada increased from $167 million to $2.1 billion
Population Change
1890s ? Population grows from 4.8 to 5.4 million
1900s ? Population grows from 5.4 to 7.2 million
Immigration occurring ? mostly to the prairies
1896-1914 Ottawa claims that 785,000 move to the prairies. Real number more likely 250,000