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When reviewing research, the studies need to be found valid and reliable in order to consider practice changes. The validity of a research design means the results were obtained using scientific methods that guided researchers versus their own personal bias. (Melnyk & Fineout, 2019) Reliability is determining if the results add up to the likelihood of having the same effect when used again. (Melnyk & Fineout, 2019) Reliability looks at sample size and the interventions to assist in determining reliability. Validity and reliability are crucial in evidence-based practice research.
The translational research article reviewed was, Insights to identifying and managing pain in persons with dementia in long-term care: A mixed methods study comparing the Abbey Pain Scale and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale. (Parkman et al., 2021) This study compared the Abbey Pain Scale (APS) to the Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale (PAINDAD) in dementia residents in long-term care (LTC). The study found the APS was a more accurate assessment of pain in dementia. Overall, the study did a good job of explaining how they completed their study and their findings. When looking at validity the only potential bias I could find was that the nurse participants and the researchers knew which assessment tool they were using. However, all nurses eventually used both assessments. The individual nurses completing the assessments could prefer one to the other and complete the one they preferred more accurately. There is nothing documented in the study that this occurred however it is a possibility. As for the study being reliable this is difficult to determine because the sample was small, 28 residents participants, all participants were Caucasian, and all were in one nursing home. They did have extremely specific requirements for the resident participants however, it would have been more reliable with a larger sample, another location, and more diversity. This study showed some interesting results, however there would need to be an expansion of the study before translating to only the APS usage in long-term care dementia residents.
References:
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2019). Evidence-based practice in nursing and healthcare: A guide to best practice (4th ed.). Wolters Kluwer.
Parkman, S. Mastel-Smith, B. McGuire, A. Duke, G. (2021). Insights to identifying and managing pain in persons with dementia in long-term care: A mixed methods study comparing the Abbey Pain Scale and Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia Scale. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(2), 21-30. http://dx.doi.org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.3928/00989134-20210113-01
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