Structure of the Research Paper

1. Cover/Title Page

2. Abstract

3. Introduction

4. Literature Review

? Go over info related to the topic

? Number of works: at least 5 references

? Type of References: scientific studies (articles or books)

? Time of publication: articles/books published within the last 10 years

? Order: chronological/historical; relevance; alphabetical; influence

? Length: minimum 5 paragraphs (one paragraph should have at least 5 well-developed sentences)

? Use APA (7th Ed.) style:

** in-text

** end-list references: alphabetical=> author?s last name

5. Method

? Type: meta-analysis

? Identify min. 5 references; different from those presented in the Lit Review!

? Time of publication: published within the last 5 years

? Use Past Tense when writing the Method section

1. Presents the step-by-step process of the research

2. The tools that were used

a. Databases

b. Keywords: ?antibiotics,? ?respiratory diseases,? and ?complications?

c. Limitators: full text; time of publication; language; age range; abstract available; availability of the source

d. Studies/articles/ books; numbers zero (0) to ten (10) are to be entered in letters

3. How the tools were handled

a. How many studies did the search provide: # of studies

b. Screen (skim and scan info) the studies: which will be used and which will not be incorporated into the study

c. Used: how many; and based on what

d. Discard: how many; and based on what you took that decision

? Length: 1-2 paragraphs

? Do not specify the studies themselves=> no references list

6. Results

? Presents findings: data/ information

? Do not: interpret/ analyze/ evaluate data

? Use Past Tense when writing the narrative

1. Narrative: help the audience read the visual

a. Length: 1-2 paras

2. Visual: table, figure, graph, image, chart

a. Created by you (the researcher); cannot be taken from outside sources

Source

Criterion 1: Low

Criterion 2: Medium

Criterion 3: High

Anderson (2021)

? short periods

X

? longer than 2 weeks

? other complications

Dodge (2019)

Johnson (2017)

Morrow (2020)

Richardson (2022)

Table 1: Impact of Antibiotics on Liver Functioning

7. Discussion

8. Limitations and Implications

9. Conclusion

10. References

Proofread before submitting the final draft!

I need to use references based on APA (7th Ed). Below you will find the introduction part that I had to submit.

I need to use at least 5 references that can’t be older than 10 years (from April 2012 and newer)

____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Please, find below a sample that I wrote of the introduction:

Differences among the Various COVID-19 Vaccines

Hook: Given the public health emergency that the COVID-19 pandemic brought to the world, scientists got together and developed effective vaccines against the virus in a time record.

Background Information: Before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, scientists used to take years to develop new vaccines. Due to the global health issues that the COVID-19 virus caused, the need to promptly develop a vaccine against the virus arise and new methods to make effective vaccines were developed. Vaccines work in different ways to offer protection against pathogens. Presently, there are three vaccines that have been authorized by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to use within the United States. Two of them, Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna use a novel technology messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine. The third one, Johnson & Johnson, is a viral vector vaccine.

Problem Statement: It has now been over two years since the start of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates 6,123,461 global deaths attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic brought with it a significant impact in the health system, rising an emergent need to rapidly develop an effective vaccine against the deadly virus.

.Research Question: How do different types of FDA approved COVID-19 vaccines work with the human immune system to provide protection against the virus?

Hypothesis: New vaccines using the mRNA technology, have the potential to be more effective and are faster to develop than viral vector vaccines.

Thesis Statement: The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how COVID-19 vaccines work in the immune system to offer protection against the virus.

References

1. Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (2022). How Vaccines Work. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/different-vaccines/how-they-work.html

2. Mayo Clinic, (2022). Different types of COVID-19 vaccines: How they work. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/coronavirus/in-depth/different-types-of-covid-19-vaccines/art-20506465