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3D Text Graphics Processor Error
What happens when you cannot access the Layer option to create 3D text?
If you get a warning box in Photoshop about “Use Graphics Processor”, please enable this feature in the
Photoshop Performance box. Windows users: Edit, Preferences, Performance. Mac users (I think):
Photoshop, Preferences, Performance.
Check the box to use the Graphics Processor. If this box is greyed out, your systems GPU does not meet
one of the requirements.
Solution? Find another computer. The computers in Coor can definitely handle the Photoshop 3D text
computations.
Contact me or your TA if you have questions.
Diane
The Psychology of Color
INT 121
Supplemental Material
Diane M. Bender, Ph.D.
Color Psychology
The emotional and psychological
affects of color are undeniable.
When the weather is cold, we long for warmth.
When the weather is hot, we long for cooler times.
Cold
Blue, blue-green, and green
Have the mind/body effect of
slowing metabolism
Can be powerful and frigid or
clean and fresh
Cool
Anchored in the blues, but blended
with yellow and red
Soothing, meditative, and calming
Hot
A hot color is intense and fully saturated
Stimulates the body and increases level
of activity, as well as body temperature
Hot colors are aggressive and attentiongrabbing (so used in advertising a lot)
Warm
Based in red but softened with yellow
Direct, emotionally-touching so a
natural for home interiors
Light
Only the faintest hint of a color
is visible
Subtle and open up interior
spaces
Dark
Strong, sober, and seem to
diminish rather than expand
space
Convey a variety of moods
Pale
Tints (colors with large amount
of white)
Soft pastels evoke a feeling of
youth, romance, and feminism
Bright
Clear, distinctive, high-chroma
Pure colors with no addition of
black or white
Tend to visually vibrate
Color Interaction
Colors can appear different when next to other colors,
or in varying proportions with other colors
If you understand the
way colors interact,
you can alter an
interior space, by
making a large space
look small or a small
space look large.
Size of Color Area (Fusion)
A small area of color may appear darker or lighter than
a larger area of the same color; Same for level of
intensity
Problem: Inaccurate representation
Solution: Make decisions based on larger samples
Simultaneous Contrast
Effect that adjacent colors have on one another
A color will tend to shift toward the adjacent color’s
complementary hue
Simultaneous Contrast
A light tone against a dark background will appear
even lighter than it is and vice versa
Simultaneous Contrast
The effects of dark, light, and middle-value
backgrounds on objects with similar values
In a) and d), we see the
white dot first
In b) and c), we see the
black dot first
Simultaneous Contrast
Light backgrounds tend to darken objects
Dark backgrounds tend to lighten objects
Top = shade; Middle = pure hue; Bottom = tint
Successive Contrast
Another form of simultaneous contrast
Also known as afterimage
An optical reaction that occurs after we stare
intensely at a color and then look at a white
surface
For example, after looking at red,
green will look more intensely green
Distance
Advancing and receding colors can alter perceptions
of spatial relationships
Use colors in
interiors to make
ceilings seem higher
or lower, walls to
seem closer or
farther away, or
rooms to feel warm
and cozy, large and
cool.
Distance
Intense colors advance
Distance
Neutral colors recede
Distance
Dark colors advance
Light colors recede
Color and Texture
The rougher the texture, the darker the colors seems
Why? Shade and shadow
Remember our previous
lecture on reflection
and refraction
Also think of carpet pile
when you vacuum it
Vibration
Brilliant, unlike hues of equal value cause vibration.
The effect is eliminated by separating the colors with
black, white, or gray.
Vibration
Brilliant hues that have
a complementary or
near-complementary
relationship also cause
vibration.
Vanishing Boundaries
Two similar hues of the same value lose their edges
when placed next to each other.
Design Elements & Principles
INT 121
Supplemental Material
Diane M. Bender, Ph.D.
Design Elements & Principles
Design elements are concrete and quantifiable.
Line
Shape
Form
Mass
Texture
Pattern
Space
Color
Design principles are abstract and conceptual.
Scale
Proportion
Balance
Rhythm
Emphasis
Harmony
The design principles are universally accepted as rules
or philosophies, which are used to govern the use of
the design elements.
Line
Line is one of the most basic elements of design theory. Lines
set boundaries for our designs. Line can be classified as
straight, curved, vertical, or horizontal, depending on how the
user perceives it.
Line
Shape
Shape is defined as the
outline, or identifiable
contours of an object.
This can refer to basic
shapes, such as
triangles, circles, and
rectangle, or more
complex shapes.
Shape
Form
Form is often used
synonymously with
shape, though they
are different.
Shape is usually a 2dimensional outline,
where form is a 3dimensional
configuration.
Form
Mass
Mass is the density defined by shape and form.
Architects often manipulate window and door openings
to create balance and emphasis via massing.
Mass
Texture
• Texture refers to the visual or tactile
characteristics of natural and man-made
objects.
• Textures can actually be seen and felt.
• A balance or a variety of rough and smooth
textures is desirable in an interior setting
(used to achieve harmony).
Texture
Pattern
The arrangement of forms or shapes
to create an orderly whole.
4 things to evaluate:
• Placement of
emphasis
• Pattern character
• Color scheme
• Pattern scale
Pattern
Space
Space doesn’t exist until it is defined by walls, floors, and ceilings!
Small spaces fill a
basic human need to
feel protected and
enclosed.
Large spaces fill a
basic human need to
escape small,
confining spaces.
Small spaces establish
territory, allow for
personalization, and
give a sense of
ownership.
However, large interior
spaces can be
challenging to design
because
conversational
settings are generally
small in scale.
Space
Color
The meaning of a color
may be learned from
experience or
through the customs
of society.
Color means different
things in different
cultures (i.e. brides in
the US wear white;
brides in China wear
red.
Colors can change
their meaning over
time (i.e., Communist
red).
Various meanings for
“one color”; for
example, what you
may think is white
can be described
with 17 different
names by the Inuit
Eskimos.
Scale
Scale is primarily viewed as
the size and dimension of
figures and forms relative
to some unit of measure.
In architecture and design, we
compare the size of an object or
environment to humans.
This is a learned and applied relationship.
Proportion
Proportion, as a
principle of design,
is closely
associated with
scale.
It is defined as the
comparison
between size and
quantity of parts as
they relate to a total
physical form.
Balance
• Physical balance
relies on gravity and
equilibrium.
• Designers deal with
visual balance.
• This type of balance is
often related to the
relative weights of
objects in architecture
and interiors.
Rhythm
Rhythm can be
thought of as
organized
movement, regular
intervals, or
reoccurrence.
Visually, it can be
seen in places such
as brick walls,
leaves of a tree, or
Greek columns.
Repetition
Repetition is a type of
rhythm where
elements or concepts
are repeated in a
structured or
organized manner.
In interiors, this
repetition can be
used to carry the eye
throughout the space.
Emphasis
Emphasis happens when certain elements are
accented more than others, creating a
relationship of dominance and subordination.
Emphasis gives character to interiors, as well as
exteriors, by creating focal points through
subordinate use of colors, forms, textures,
and lines.
Harmony
Harmony is defined
as oneness, or
the state of being
one.
Also known as
Unity, it refers to
the totality of the
related parts.
Meaning of color
• Color provides visual and psychological
information
• The meaning of a color may be learned from
experience or through the customs of society
• Color means different things in different cultures
(i.e. brides in U.S. wear white; brides in China
wear red)
• Colors can change their meaning over time (i.e.
renaming of Crayola crayon flesh to peach)
• Various meanings for “one color”; what you
may think is white can be described with 17
different names by the Inuit eskimos
Summary
An eye for good design comes from constant and
conscious observation, comparison, and reflection.
• Observe nature
• Seek education
• Visit public buildings
• Analyze the media

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