https://www.howmusicreallyworks.com/Pages_Chapter_3/3_4.html
TABLE 5?Emotional Effects of Pitch
|
Pitch Characteristics |
Associated Emotions |
|
Low pitch |
Fear, seriousness, generally negative emotional valence, also majesty, vigour, dignity, solemnity, tenderness |
|
Low pitch, monotonic |
Anger, boredom, sometimes fear |
|
Low pitch, especially octave leap downwards |
sadness, melancholy |
|
High pitch |
Generally positive emotional valence, happiness, grace, surprise, triumph, serenity, dreaminess |
|
High, rising melody, especially octave leap upwards |
Happiness, excitement |
|
Wandering, unfocused |
Sadness |
TABLE 6?Emotional Effects of Loudness
|
Loudness Characteristics |
Associated Emotions |
|
Soft (quiet) |
Generally negative emotional valence?sadness, melancholy; but also tenderness, peacefulness |
|
Soft, not varying much |
Tenderness |
|
Moderate, not varying much |
Happiness, pleasantness |
|
Loud |
Joy, excitement, happiness, triumph, generally positive emotional valence |
|
Very loud, to distortion levels |
Anger |
|
Wide changes, soft to loud, especially if quick |
Fear |
TABLE 7?Emotional Effects of Tone Color
|
Tone Color Characteristics |
Associated Emotions |
|
Simple tone color, few overtones (e.g., flute) |
Pleasantness, peace, boredom |
|
Complex tone color, many overtones (e.g., over-driven electric guitar) |
Power, anger, fear |
|
Bright tone color, crisp, fast tone attack and decay in performance |
Generally positive emotional valence, happiness |
|
Dull tone color, slow attack and decay in performance |
Generally negative emotional valence, sadness, tenderness |
|
Violin sounds |
Sadness, fear, anger |
|
Drum sounds |
Anger |
|
Sharp, abrupt tone attacks |
Anger |
Effects of Music on General Health
?
In addition to specific emotional effects, evidence indicates music has some effects on general health. For instance, research findings indicate that …
? Compared with passive listening, active participation in music-making boosts your immune system.
??
? Listening to music while running can increase the effectiveness of the exercise you do by reducing muscle tension and blood pressure.
??
? Patients about to undergo an operation experience less anxiety if they listen to music of their choosing for half an hour before surgery, compared with patients who don?t listen to music before surgery.
??
? If you listen to music while exercising, it puts you in a better emotional state, and you?re more likely to stick with your exercise regime.
??
? People who sing in choral groups report elevated levels of emotional well-being, an indication of the adaptive history of group singing.
??
? Music is one of many brain-stimulating activities that may help stave off dementia. To get the benefit, you have to actively play an instrument or sing, not merely listen to music.
B. B. King, 1983
Why I sing the Blues
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HJrZ1LA
OLYQ
Everybody wants to know Why I sing the blues
Yes, I say everybody wanna know Why I sing the blues
Well, I’ve been around a long time I really have paid my dues
When I first got the blues
They brought me over on a ship Men were standing over me And a lot more with a whip
And everybody wanna know Why I sing the blues
Well, I’ve been around a long time Mm, I’ve really paid my dues
I’ve laid in a ghetto flat Cold and numb
I heard the rats tell the bedbugs To give the roaches some Everybody wanna know
Why I’m singing the blues
Yes, I’ve been around a long time People, I’ve paid my dues
I stood in line
Down at the County Hall
I heard a man say, “We’re gonna build Some new apartments for y’all”
And everybody wanna know Yes, they wanna know
Why I’m singing the blues
Yes, I’ve been around a long, long time Yes, I’ve really, really paid my dues
Now I’m gonna play Lucille
My kid’s gonna grow up Gonna grow up to be a fool
‘Cause they ain’t got no more room No more room for him in school And everybody wanna know Everybody wanna know
Why I’m singing the blues
I say I’ve been around a long time Yes, I’ve really paid some dues
Yeah, you know the company told me Guess you’re born to lose
Everybody around me, people
It seems like everybody got the blues But I had ’em a long time
I’ve really, really paid my dues
You know I ain’t ashamed of it, people I just love to sing my blues
I walk through the cities, people On my bare feet
I had a fill of catfish and chitterlings Up and down Beal Street
You know I’m singing the blues Yes, I really
I just have to sing my blues I’ve been around a long time
People, I’ve really, really paid my dues
Now Father Time is catching up with me Gone is my youth
I look in the mirror everyday And let it tell me the truth I’m singing the blues
Mm, I just have to sing the blues I’ve been around a long time
Yes, yes, I’ve really paid some dues
Yeah, they told me everything Would be better out in the country Everything was fine
I caught me a bus uptown, baby And every people, all the people Got the same trouble as mine
I got the blues, huh huh
I say I’ve been around a long time I’ve really paid some dues
One more time, fellows!
Blind man on the corner Begging for a dime
The rollers come and caught him And throw him in the jail for a crime
(
1
)
I got the blues
Mm, I’m singing my blues I’ve been around a long time
Mm, I’ve really paid some dues Can we do just one more?
Oh I thought I’d go down to the welfare To get myself some grits and stuff
But a lady stand up and she said
“You haven’t been around long enough” That’s why I got the blues
Mm, the blues
I say, I’ve been around a long time I’ve really, really paid my dues
Fellows, tell them one more time
Ha, ha, ha That’s all right, fellows Yeah!
Songwriters: B.B. King / Dave Clark
Why I Sing the Blues lyrics ? Universal Music Publishing Group
Aretha Franklin Respect, 1967
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FOUqQt
3Kg0
What you want Baby, I got it What you need
Do you know I got it? All I’m askin’
Is for a little respect when you get home (just a little bit)
Hey baby (just a little bit) when you get home (Just a little bit) mister (just a little bit)
I ain’t gonna do you wrong while you’re gone Ain’t gonna do you wrong ’cause I don’t wanna All I’m askin’
Is for a little respect when you come home (just a little bit)
Baby (just a little bit) when you get home (just a little bit)
Yeah (just a little bit)
I’m about to give you all of my money And all I’m askin’ in return, honey
Is to give me my propers
When you get home (just a, just a, just a, just a) Yeah, baby (just a, just a, just a, just a)
When you get home (just a little bit) Yeah (just a little bit)
Ooh, your kisses Sweeter than honey And guess what?
So is my money
All I want you to do for me
Is give it to me when you get home (re, re, re, re)
Yeah baby (re, re, re, re)
Whip it to me (respect, just a little bit) When you get home, now (just a little bit) R-E-S-P-E-C-T
Find out what it means to me R-E-S-P-E-C-T
Take care, TCB
Oh (sock it to me, sock it to me, sock it to me, sock it to me)
A little respect (sock it to me, sock it to me, sock it to me, sock it to me)
Whoa, babe (just a little bit)
A little respect (just a little bit) I get tired (just a little bit) Keep on tryin’ (just a little bit)
You’re runnin’ out of fools (just a little bit) And I ain’t lyin’ (just a little bit)
(Re, re, re, re) when you come home (Re, re, re, re) ‘spect
Or you might walk in (respect, just a little bit) And find out I’m gone (just a little bit)
Songwriters: Otis Redding
Respect lyrics ? Warner/Chappell Music, Inc, Universal Music Publishing Group
(
2
)
Dr. Feelgood, 1967
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d-
2I1JKwIzo
I don’t want nobody, Always Sittin’ around me and my man I don’t want nobody, Always Sittin’ right there
Lookin’ at me and that man
Be it my mother, my brother or my sister Would you believe, I’ll get up, put on some clothes Go out and help you find somebody for dissolving that pain, Yes I will
Now I don’t mind company Because company’s alright with me Every once in a while,
Yes it is, ah
I tell you I don’t mind company Because company’s alright with me Every once in a while,
Yeah
But oh, when me and that man get to lovin’ I tell you girls
I dig you but I just don’t have time
To sit and chit and sit and chit-chat and smile
Don’t send me no doctor
Fillin’ me up with all of those pills
I got me a man named Doctor Feelgood
And oh, yeah, that man takes me off all o’ my pains and my ills
His name is Doctor Feelgood in the mornin’ And taking care of business Is really this man’s gain
And after one visit to Doctor Feelgood You’ll understand why Feelgood is his name Oh, yeah, oh good God of mine
And the man sure makes me feel real, good Songwriters: Aretha Franklin / Ted White
Dr. Feelgood (Love Is a Serious Business) lyrics
? Sony/ATV Music Publishing LLC, Warner/Chappell Music, Inc
Tupac
Changes, 1992/1998
https://www.bing.com/search?q=changes+tup
ac&qs=ONR&pq=changes+&sk=ONR6&sc=8-
8&cvid=92E88769398F4E488B4B23A3047790E
Come on come on
I see no changes wake up in the morning and I ask myself Is life worth living should I blast myself? I’m tired of bein’ poor and even worse I’m black My stomach hurts so I’m lookin’ for a purse to snatch Cops give a damn about a negro Pull the trigger kill a nigga he’s a hero
Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares One less hungry mouth on the welfare
First ship ’em dope and let ’em deal the brothers Give ’em guns step back watch ’em kill each other It’s time to fight back that’s what Huey said Two shots in the dark now Huey’s dead I got love for my brother but we can never go nowhere Unless we share with each other We gotta start makin’ changes Learn to see me as a brother instead of two distant strangers And that’s how it’s supposed to be
How can the Devil take a brother if he’s close to me? I’d love to go back to when we played as kids But things changed, and that’s the way it is
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
I see no changes all I see is racist faces Misplaced hate makes disgrace to races
We under I wonder what it takes to make this One better place, let’s erase the wasted
Take the evil out the people they’ll be acting right ‘Cause both black and white is smokin’ crack tonight And only time we chill is when we
kill each other It takes skill to be real, time to heal each other And although it seems heaven sent We ain’t ready, to see a black President, uhh It ain’t a secret don’t conceal the fact
The penitentiary’s packed, and it’s filled with blacks But some things will never change
Try to show another way but you stayin’ in the dope game Now tell me what’s a mother to do Bein’ real don’t appeal to the brother in you You gotta operate the easy way “I made a G today” But you made it in a sleazy way
Sellin’ crack to the kid. ” I gotta get paid, ” Well hey, well that’s the way it is
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
We gotta make a change It’s time for us as a people to start makin’ some changes.
Let’s change the way we eat, let’s change the way we live And let’s change the way we treat each other. You see the old way wasn’t working so it’s on us to do What we gotta do, to survive.
And still I see no changes can’t a brother get a little peace It’s war on the streets and the war in the Middle East Instead of war on poverty they got a war on drugs So the police can bother me And I ain’t never did a crime I ain’t have to do But now I’m back with the blacks givin’ it back to you Don’t let ’em jack you up, back you up, Crack you up and pimp smack you up You gotta learn to hold ya own
They get jealous when they see ya with ya mobile phone But tell the cops they can’t touch this I don’t trust this when they try to rush I bust this That’s the sound of my tool you say it ain’t cool My mama didn’t raise no fool
And as long as I stay black I gotta stay strapped And I never get to lay back ‘Cause I always got to worry ’bout the pay backs Some buck that I
roughed up way back Comin’ back after all these years Rat-a-tat-tat-tat-tat that’s the way it is uhh
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
That’s just the way it is Things will never be the same That’s just the way it is
Aww yeah
Some things will never change
Songwriters: Bruce Hornsby / Tupac Amaru Shakur / Deon Evens
Changes lyrics ? Universal Music Publishing Group
Say It Loud – I’m Black and I’m Proud [Live In Dallas]
James Brown August 1968
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j0A_N-
wmiMo
Uh! Your bad self!
Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud Say it louder! I’m black and I’m proud Look a-here!
Some people say we got a lot of malice, some say it’s a lotta nerve
But I say we won’t quit movin’ until we get what we deserve
We’ve been buked and we’ve been scourned We’ve been treated bad, talked about as sure as you’re born
But just as sure as it take two eyes to make a pair, huh!
Brother we can’t quit until we get our share
Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud
One more time, say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud, huh!
I’ve worked on jobs with my feet and my hands But all the work I did was for the other man And now we demands a chance to do things for ourselves
We tired of beatin’ our head against the wall An’ workin’ for someone else
Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud
Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud, oh!
Ooh-wee, you’re killin’ me Alright, uh, you’re out of sight!
Alright, so tough you’re tough enough! Ooh-wee uh! you’re killin’ me! oow!
Say it loud! I’m black and I’m proud Say it louder! I’m black and I’m proud
Now we demand a chance to do things for ourselves
We tired of beatin’ our heads against the wall And workin’ for someone else look a-here
There’s one thing more I got to say right here Now, now we’re people, we’re like the birds and the bees We rather die on our feet than keep livin’ on our knees
Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud huh! Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud huh! Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud Lord-a, Lord-a, Lord-a
Say it loud, I’m black and I’m proud, ooh!
Uh! alright now, good God
You know we can do the boogaloo
Songwriters: James Brown / Alfred James Ellis
Say It Loud – I’m Black And I’m Proud [Live In Dallas] lyrics ? Warner/Chappell Music, Inc
1
Privilege Cultural Emotions and Institutional Boundaries?
Theodoric Manley, Jr. PhD
Introduction
What are privilege cultural emotions? Privilege cultural emotions are typically
what people in a society believe everyone has?like justice (to feel your cultural
emotion (s) are respected by others); liberty (to feel you can express your
cultural emotion (s) without oppressive conditions) and; freedom (to feel you
can act, think, and discuss your cultural emotion (s) without any hindrance or
restraint).
Liberty
emotions
Freedom
emotions
Justice
emotions
Figure. 1?Privilege Cultural Emotions
2
Understanding Privilege Cultural Emotions
To understand privilege cultural emotions let’s imagine a situation in which there
are two communities who believe they are different, for example in language,
culture and way of life, history, and/or some visible physical characteristics. (In
reality, there are often many community’s in society, but let’s simplify the situation
to make the definitions clear.) We can describe the relationship between
communities in two ways: privilege cultural emotions and the openness of
institutional decision-making structures.
“Hard and soft privilege cultural emotions” refers to a set of beliefs, values,
and norms about how rigid the lines are between the two communities and how
easily individuals can emotionally participate in the activities and institutions of
the community to which they aren’t ascribed. In a “soft privilege cultural emotion”
situation the boundaries are permeable and fluid; there are few barriers to
emotional participation. For example, in urban America today, whether a person is
“English” or “Scotch-Irish” makes practically no difference; the two
ethnicities intermarry, live in the same urban neighborhood, and recognize little
distinction between them. In a “hard privilege cultural emotion” situation, the
boundaries are rigid and extremely difficult to cross or penetrate; one
community shuts out all individuals from the other community from any emotional
participation in the activities of daily life–jobs, education, residence, friendship,
3
marriage, social clubs, perhaps even the use of public spaces like beaches or mass
transit. The former white-controlled apartheid regime in South Africa constructed
these kinds of barriers to any emotional participation by individuals living in Black
African communities: Blacks and other “non-whites? (colored) were residentially
segregated, kept out of many job categories, forbidden to marry or date whites,
confined to separate schools, and barred from the use of white-designated beaches,
buses, parks, etc.
“Open and closed institutional decision-making structures” refers to the
degree to which one community monopolizes control of the economy, the political
system, cultural institutions (churches, media, schools) and social organization. In
an open system, members of both communities can direct and organize any of
these institutions. In other?less open?systems, each community has its “own”
institutions, sometimes enjoying a equal amount of power, in other cases, separate
and unequal. For example, in Belgium, both the French and the Flemish-speaking
communities have established their own universities, media, political parties, and
are roughly at parity in their power in the society. In other cases, although both
communities have institutions, those of one community clearly dominate. In these
systems, the institutional decision-making structures could be said to be “separate
and unequal.” For example, Canadian institutions like the national government and
the national economy are far more “English” than “French”; the control of the
4
French is effectively limited to the province of Quebec, and even there, their
control over the economy is not exhaustive.
In the closed type of institutional decision-making structures, one
community is not permitted to have any institutional control at all, neither in a set
of common institutions nor in a separate set; for example, the plantation system of
the South in the United States was a totally closed one, with African slave
communities having no political representation, no economic rights, no
schools…not even in churches or families, except with the permission of the slave-
owner. Any institutions the African slaves established were treated as illegal. In
this system, all institutional decision-making structures were completely
monopolized by one community.
Below, in Table One, are ideal types for each of the privilege and
institutional decision-making structures.
Table 1. ?Privilege Cultural Emotions and Institutional Boundaries
Privilege Cultural Emotions Institutional Boundaries
Open Closed
Hard Accommodation Exclusion
Soft Inclusion Conflict
Ideal Type Privilege Cultural Emotions and Institutional Structure
In hard/open privilege cultural emotions and institutional structure
situations the ideal type community is accommodation. In this ideal type, privilege
5
cultural emotion communities co-exist and share resources but there is a privilege
cultural emotion community that determines the financing, allocation and delivery
of resources for communities that co-exist with the privilege cultural emotion
community. Social groups that co-exist with privilege cultural emotion
communities in the accommodation ideal type are defined as either hyphenated
community’s (e.g., in the US African American, Hispanic American) or gendered
community’s (e.g., same sex individuals and groups) or class-based community’s
(i.e., middle class, working class, lower class, poor). These community groups are
typically stereotyped as lacking the privilege cultural emotions community?s
culture and work ethic. In this ideal type community of accommodation, we
hypothesize the emotional experience (s) of content, gratified, pleased if they are
located within a certain echelon of the class-based community system (e.g., middle
class, working class) or they are located in the gendered division community (i.e.,
same-sex) or are benefiting from the psychological wage of looking physically like
the privilege cultural emotion community. They may seek to involve themselves in
social action and thus, can become discontented when their co-existence in the
accommodated community is threatened by less privilege cultural emotion
communities seeking to gain more resources; usually social actions, at times, are at
the expense of keeping other communities deemed “lower” or “inferior” in there
6
?place.? Can you think of any real situations in the global community (including
the United States) that approximate this ideal type community?accommodation?
In soft/open situations the ideal type community is inclusion. In this ideal
type, privilege cultural emotion communities are treated in an equitable (not
necessarily equal) way and receive opportunities to express their cultural emotions
regardless of their social position, language, religion, phenotype, sexuality etc. The
least advantaged communities are provided for along with the advantaged
communities to minimize inequality and to promote opportunities for all cultural
emotions to be expressed, accepted and must important respected. While there may
be a privilege cultural emotion community group that determines the financing,
allocation, and delivery of resources they seek to include least advantaged cultural
emotion community members into the privileges and institutional decision-making
structures to minimize social distinctions and to offer the least advantage
community members opportunities to participate in decisions that affect all
peoples? cultural emotions. The ideal type inclusion community seeks to practice
democracy by sharing privilege cultural emotions with all communities along
equitable standards that are deemed appropriate by each community members
participation. Can you think of any real situations in the global community
(including the United States) that approximate this ideal type community?
inclusion?
7
In closed/hard situations the ideal type community is exclusion. In this
ideal type community, certain cultural emotion communities are excluded from
resources by a privilege cultural emotion community that determines the financing,
allocation, and delivery resources for communities that are not excluded (these
communities might also be in an accommodation ideal type community) but
excludes other communities based on national origin and citizenship. The excluded
cultural emotion communities are potential drains on those resources afforded
citizens of the country (e.g., undocumented Mexicans in the US; Algerians in
France; Yemini in Britain). The cultural emotion of a person in this ideal type
community of exclusion is either forced to act on changing their exclusion or they
feel powerless and incapable to change the existing terms of their exclusion. Can
you think of any real situations in the global community (including the United
States) that approximate this ideal type community?exclusion?
In soft/closed situations the ideal type community is conflict. In this ideal
type community conflict exist because there is a need for certain cultural emotion
communities to participate in the boundaries of a country as guest workers,
migrants or seasonal laborers etc. and they are providing resources for the host
country. For example, undocumented Mexicans that live in communities
throughout the US provide up to 7 billion dollars annually in social security funds
per year but are not given access to a set of social services (e.g., education for their
8
offspring?Dream Act). In this ideal type cultural emotion community, the person
is in conflict as they sense an injustice in the rewards the privilege cultural
emotion community gains from resources created by communities at the expense
of their participation. Can you think of any real situations in the global community
(including the United States) that approximate this ideal type community?
conflict?
Conclusion
It is imperative that we critically examine the role of privilege cultural
emotions and institutional decision-making structures that are ?soft and hard? and
?open and closed? when attempting to create privilege cultural emotions for
everyone in a society based on liberty, justice and freedom for all. We believe each
of these ideal types can lead to the grow of advocates seeking to create, develop,
and grow more privilege cultural emotion situations. We hope this short analysis
provides a way to begin to understand and examine the actions required to promote
and welcome the unrestricted expression of all peoples? cultural emotions. Finally,
we understand the ideal type privilege cultural emotion community of inclusion is
the model thus, those who advocate for privilege cultural emotions of inclusion at
the local, state, national and global levels ought to set their goals on achieving this
ideal type to minimize various forms of discontent in the privilege cultural emotion
situations we have identified?accommodation, exclusion and conflict.
